If the feedback can be highly structured, consider using the Poll and Survey advanced tools in edX. These must be enabled in Advanced Settings.
If you want reactions to a prompt or provocation rather than answers to a question, consider using a Word Cloud.
If it is ok for students to give public feedback, use the edX discussion forum. Create a specific thread for this purpose, and link students directly to that thread from appropriate places within the course.
If the feedback should remain private, create a Google Form with targeted questions and embed it in the course via iframe.
- Caveat: You will receive some form submissions that would be better directed to the forums. You will not be able to respond to these students unless you ask for their e-mail address in the form.
- You can get the code by hitting the “Send” button in Google Forms.
Credit: @Colin_Fredericks